Bee
by Viktor Lazarev
Title
Bee
Artist
Viktor Lazarev
Medium
Painting - Canvas,acrilic
Description
Bee by Viktor Lazarev.{{Other uses}}
{{infobox color|title=Crimson|textcolor=white
| hex=DC143C
| r=220|g= 20|b= 60
| c= 0|m= 91|y= 73|k=14
| h=348|s= 91|v= 86[http://web.forret.com/tools/color.asp?RGB=%23DC143C web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #DC143C (Crimson):]
|source=[[List of HTML color names|X11]]}}
'''Crimson ''' is a strong, bright, deep [[red|reddish]] [[purple]] color. It originally meant the [[color]] of the [[Kermes (dye)|Kermes dye]] produced from a [[scale insect]], ''[[Kermes vermilio]]'', but the name is now also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red colors that are between red and [[rose (color)|rose]]; besides crimson itself, these colors include [[Carmine (color)|carmine]], [[Raspberry (color)|raspberry]], [[ruddy]], [[Ruby (color)|ruby]], [[Amaranth (color)|amaranth]], and [[Cerise (color)|cerise]].
== History ==
'''Crimson''' (NR4) is produced using the dried bodies of the [[Kermes (genus)|kermes]] insect, which were gathered commercially in Mediterranean countries, where they live on the [[Kermes oak]], and sold throughout Europe.[http://www.naturenet.net/blogs/2009/01/the-prickly-question-of-oak-leaves/ Naturenet article with images and description of ''Kermes vermilio'' and its foodplant] Kermes dyes have been found in burial wrappings in Anglo-Scandinavian [[York]]. They fell out of use with the introduction of [[cochineal]], because although the dyes were comparable in quality and color intensity it needed ten to twelve times as much kermes to produce the same effect as cochineal.
'''[[Carmine]]''' is the name given to the dye made from the dried bodies of the female [[cochineal]], although the name '''crimson''' is sometimes applied to these dyes too. Cochineal appears to have been brought to Europe during the conquest of [[Mexico]] by the Spaniard [[Hern�Cort�], and the name 'carmine' is derived from the French ''carmin''. It was first described by [[Mathioli]] in 1549. The pigment is also called ''[[cochineal]]'' after the insect from which it is made.
'''[[Alizarin]]''' (PR83) is a pigment that was first synthesized in 1868 by the German [[chemist]]s [[Carl Gr�]] and [[Carl Liebermann]] and replaced the natural pigment [[madder lake]]. Alizarin crimson is a dye bonded onto [[alum]] which is then used as a pigment and mixed with [[ochre]], [[sienna]] and [[umber]]. It is not totally colorfast.
== Etymology ==
The word ''crimson'' has been recorded in English since 1400,The first recorded use of ''crimson'' as a color name in English was in 1400 according to the following book: Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 193; Color Sample of Crimson: Page 31 Plate 4 Color Sample K6 and its earlier forms include ''cremesin'', ''crymysyn'' and ''cramoysin'' (cf. [[cramoisy]], a crimson cloth). These were adapted via [[Old Spanish]] from the [[Medieval Latin]] ''cremesinus'' (also ''kermesinus'' or ''carmesinus''), the dye produced from [[Kermes (genus)|Kermes]] scale insects, and can be traced back to Arabic ''qermez'' ("red"), also borrowed in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] ''kırmızı'' and many other languages, e.g. German ''Karmesin'', Italian ''Cremisi'', French ''cramoisi'', etc. (via Latin). The ultimate source may be Sanskrit कृमिज ''kṛmi-jā'' meaning "worm-made"."American Heritage Dictionary", s.v. ''Kermes''; also [[Friedrich Kluge|Kluge]], "Etymologisches W�rbuch der deutschen Sprache", s.v. ''Karmesin'', et al.
A shortened form of ''carmesinus'' also gave the Latin ''carminus'', from which comes [[carmine]].
Other cognates include the [[Old Church Slavic]] ''čruminu'' and the [[Russian language|Russian]] ''čermnyj'' "red". Cf. also [[vermilion]].
== Dyes ==
{{Main|Carmine}}
{{Main|Kermes (dye)}}
[[File:Carminic acid structure.png|thumb|right|233px|Carminic acid]]
Carmine [[natural dye|dyes]], which give crimson and related red and purple colors, are based on an [[aluminium]] and [[calcium]] [[salt]] of [[carminic acid]]. '''Carmine lake''' is an aluminium or aluminium-tin [[lake pigment|lake]] of cochineal extract, and '''Crimson lake''' is prepared by striking down an infusion of cochineal with a 5 [[percent]] [[solution]] of [[alum]] and [[Potassium tartrate|cream of tartar]]. '''Purple lake''' is prepared like carmine lake with the addition of [[calcium oxide|lime]] to produce the deep purple tone. Carmine dyes tend to fade quickly.
Carmine dyes were once widely prized in both the Americas and in Europe. They were used in paints by [[Michelangelo]] and for the crimson fabrics of the [[Hussars]], the [[Turkic peoples|Turks]], the [[Red coat (British army)|British Redcoats]], and the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]].
Nowadays carmine dyes are used for coloring foodstuffs, medicines and cosmetics. As a [[food additive]] in the European Union, carmine dyes are designated [[Carmine|E120]], and are also called '''cochineal''' and '''Natural Red 4'''. Carmine dyes are also used in some [[oil paint]]s and [[watercolor]]s used by artists.
== Variations of crimson ==
=== Electric crimson ===
{{infobox color|title=Electric Crimson|textcolor=black
| hex=FF003F
| r=255|g= 0|b= 63
| c= 0|m=100|y= 75|k=0
| h=345|s=100|v=100[http://web.forret.com/tools/color.asp?RGB=%23FF003F web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #FF003F (Electric Crimson):]
|source=Maerz and Paul}}
Displayed at right is the color '''electric crimson'''.
''Electric crimson'' is that tone of crimson which is precisely halfway between red and rose on the [[HSV color space|color wheel]]. In the 1930 book ''A Dictionary of Color'', the color Crimson is shown as lying halfway between red and rose. Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930--McGraw Hill The color sample for the color crimson, indicated in the index on page 193, and displayed on Page 31, Plate 4, Color Sample K6, is indicated as lying halfway between red and rose. In modern color terminology in [[psychedelic art]], the adjective "electric" indicates the brightest possible tone of or a very bright tone of a color.
{{-}}
=== Folly ===
{{infobox color|title=Folly|textcolor=black
| hex=FF004F
| r=255|g= 0|b= 79
| c= 0|m=100|y=69|k=0
| h=341|s=100|v=100[http://web.forret.com/tools/color.asp?RGB=%23FF004F web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color # FF004F (Folly):]
|source=Maerz and Paul}}
Displayed at right is the color '''folly'''.
''Folly'' is a color one-fourth of the way between crimson and rose, closer to crimson than to rose. The first recorded use of ''folly'' as a color name in English was in 1920.Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 195; Color Sample of Folly: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample J6; on the upper half of Plate 2, the color Folly is shown as being one-fourth of the way between crimson and rose, closer to crimson than to rose.
{{-}}
=== Alizarin crimson ===
{{Main|Alizarin crimson (color)}}
'''Alizarin crimson''' is an artificially created color, used to replace the harder to obtain [[rose madder]].
{{-}}
===Spanish crimson===
{{infobox color|title=Crimson (G&S)
|hex=E51A4C
|textcolor=white
|r=229
|g=26
|b=76
|c=0
|m=95
|y=55
|k=0
|h=345
|s=89
|v=90
|source=Gallego and SanzGallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). ''Gu�de coloraciones'' (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). ''Guide to Colorations'') Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN 84-89840-31-8}}
'''Spanish crimson''' is the color that is called ''Carmesi'' (the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for "crimson") in the ''Gu�de coloraciones'' (''Guide to colorations'') by Rosa Gallego and
Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the [[Hispanophone]] realm.
{{-}}
=== Razzmatazz ===
{{infobox color|textcolor=white
| title= Razzmatazz
| hex=E3256B
| r=227|g= 37|b= 107
| c= 0|m= 84|y= 53|k= 11
| h=338|s= 84|v= 89[http://web.forret.com/tools/color.asp?RGB=%23E3256B web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #E3256B (Razzmatazz):]
|source=[[List of Crayola crayon colors|Crayola]]}}
Displayed at right is the color '''razzmatazz'''.
This color is a rich tone of crimson-rose.
''Razzmatazz'' was a new [[Crayola]] crayon color chosen in 1993 as a part of the ''Name The New Colors Contest''.
{{-}}
=== KU Crimson ===
{{infobox color|title=KU Crimson|hex= E8000D|textcolor=white
| r=232|g=0 |b=13
| c=0 |m=100|y=94 |k=9
h=357|s=100|v=91 |
|source=[http://www.identity.ku.edu/colors KU Visual Identity]}}
'''KU Crimson''', along with [[blue]], is an official color for the [[University of Kansas]] and its athletic teams, the [[Kansas Jayhawks]]. The color is referenced in the school's alma mater.[http://www.kuathletics.com/trads/kan-crimson-blue.html KU Traditions - "Crimson and the Blue"] While not an original color of the school, Crimson was suggested to honor a [[Harvard]] graduate who donated money for an athletic field at the school.[http://www.kuathletics.com/trads/kan-school-colors.html KU Traditions - The School Colors]
{{-}}
=== Utah crimson ===
[[File:University of Utah horizontal logo.svg|thumb|200 px|left|Logo of the [[University of Utah]]]]
{{infobox color|title=Utah Crimson|textcolor=white
| hex=D3003F
| r=211|g= 0|b= 63
| c= 0|m=100|y= 70|k=17
| h=342|s=100|v= 82.7[http://web.forret.com/tools/color.asp?R=211&G=0&B=63 web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool:]
|source=[[:File:Utah Utes logo.png|Internet]]}}
Displayed at right is the color '''Utah crimson''', the color which is symbolic of the [[University of Utah]]. Of all the universities that list crimson as an official color, the University of Utah is closest to the web color crimson (RGB 220, 20, 60).
The school's athletic booster organization is called the Crimson Club.[http://www.crimsonclub.utah.edu/aboutus_what_is.html University of Utah Crimson Club:]
{{-}}
=== Crimson glory ===
[[File:Ornamental grape.jpg|thumb|left|The ornamental grape ''crimson glory vine'' autumn colors]]
{{Infobox color
| title= Crimson Glory|textcolor=white
| hex= BE0032
| r=190 |g=0|b=50
| c=0 |m=100|y=74 |k=26
h=356|s=100|v=75[http://web.forret.com/tools/color.asp?RGB=%23BE0032 web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #BE0032 (Crimson Glory):]
|source=[http://colors.bravo9.com/nbs-iscc-p-plochere-color-system/list/all/ Plochere]
}}
The color '''crimson glory''' is displayed at right. It is a medium shade of crimson.
The color is a representation of the color of the flowers of the [[Crimson Glory Vine]].
The first use of ''crimson glory'' as a color name in English was in 1948 when the ''Plochere Color System'' was inaugurated.
The source of the color name ''crimson glory'' is the ''Plochere Color System'', a color
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Uploaded
December 17th, 2012
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